Abstract
This paper addresses the growing need for sustainable energy solutions by analyzing global solar energy trends and the barriers limiting renewable energy deployment in Uzbekistan, despite national goals such as the Strategy for Transition to a Green Economy. The research presents the design and implementation of a smart dual-axis solar tracking system based on the Arduino Uno microcontroller, integrating four LDR sensors and two servo motors to automatically align a photovoltaic panel with maximum solar radiation. A control algorithm continuously compares light intensity values, adjusts horizontal and vertical angles, and ensures safe mechanical operation. The developed prototype demonstrates improved light absorption efficiency through real-time tracking and optimized positioning. Experimental tests confirmed the reliable operation of the tracking mechanism under varying illumination conditions and validated the effectiveness of the embedded control algorithm. Furthermore, the proposed low-cost architecture offers a practical solution for residential, educational, and small-scale renewable energy applications where affordable energy optimization technologies are required. By combining theoretical analysis with practical engineering implementation, the study contributes to increasing solar energy efficiency, reducing energy losses, and supporting sustainable development and energy security.
First Page
36
Last Page
42
References
1. Sadeghi, R., Parenti, M., Memme, S., Fossa, M., Morchio, S. (2025). A review and comparative analysis of solar tracking systems. Energies, 18(10), 2553.
2. Kuttybay, N., Mekhilef, S., Koshkarbay, N., Nurgaliyev, M., Tukymbekov, D. (2024). Assessment of solar tracking systems: A comprehensive review. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 68, 103879.
3. Ahmed, W.A., Sharif, M.A. (2026). Embedded MPPT for photovoltaic systems: Low-cost microcontrollers, P&O and incremental conductance algorithms, and IoT-based monitoring – A systematic review. NTU Journal of Renewable Energy, 10(1), 39–54.
4. Al-Mohamad, M.A., Al-Salaymeh, A., Al-Hinti, I. (2023). A review of time-based solar photovoltaic tracking systems. Information, 14(4), 211.
5. Kazem, H.A., Chaichan, M.T., Al-Waeli, A.H.A.H., Sopian, K. (2024). Dual axis solar photovoltaic trackers: An in-depth review. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 46, 1–28.
6. Idris, R.M., Ataalah, M., Mohammed, A.A. (2025). Innovative approaches to dual axis solar tracking systems. Journal of Energy and Safety Technology, 7, 45–58.
7. Green, M.A., Dunlop, E.D., Hohl-Ebinger, J., Yoshita, M., Ho-Baillie, A.W.Y. (2025). Solar cell efficiency tables (Version 66). Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, 33(7), 687–697.
8. Lee, D.S., Kim, J., & Park, H. (2025). Recent advances in perovskite and tandem solar cells. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 198, 114357.
9. Mellit, A., & Kalogirou, S. (2024). Artificial intelligence techniques for photovoltaic applications: A review. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 99, 101127.
10. Esram, T., & Chapman, P.L. (2007). Comparison of photovoltaic array maximum power point tracking techniques. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 22(2), 439–449.
11. Hohm, D.P., & Ropp, M.E. (2003). Comparative study of maximum power point tracking algorithms. Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, 11(1), 47–62.
12. Abdallah, S., & Nijmeh, S. (2004). Two-axis sun tracking system with PLC control. Energy Conversion and Management, 45(11–12), 1931–1939.
13. Rizk, J., & Chaiko, Y. (2008). Solar tracking system: More efficient use of solar panels. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 41, 313–315.
14. Mousazadeh, H., Keyhani, A., Javadi, A., Mobli, H., Abrinia, K., Sharifi, A. (2009). A review of principle and sun-tracking methods for maximizing solar systems output. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 13(8), 1800–1818.
15. Fathabadi, H. (2016). Novel high efficient offline sensorless dual-axis solar tracker. Renewable Energy, 95, 485–494.
16. Benghanem, M. (2011). Optimization of solar tracking system for photovoltaic power plants. Renewable Energy, 36(1), 175–180.
17. Sharma, V., Chandel, S.S. (2013). Performance and degradation analysis for long-term reliability of solar photovoltaic systems. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 27, 753–767.
18. Yadav, A.K., & Chandel, S.S. (2014). Tilt angle optimization to maximize solar energy generation. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 23, 503–513.
Recommended Citation
Mirzokulov, Khotam Bakhtiyor ugli
(2026)
"DEVELOPMENT OF A SMART SOLAR PANEL BASED ON EMBEDDED SYSTEMS,"
Chemical Technology, Control and Management: Vol. 2026:
Iss.
3, Article 4.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.59048/2181-1105.1807
